Rheumatoid Factor Total Antibody (IgM)
Code:
RF
Sample Type:
2mL Serum (Gel 5mL Yellow tube)
Ref Ranges/Units:
IU/mL
0 – 14 IU/mL. Reference range established by manufacturer and justified in-house
Turnaround:
3 days
Frequency of Analysis: Daily
Special Precautions/Comments:
Method: Immunoturbidimetry. Calibration: WHO 64/2. EQA Scheme: UK NEQAS scheme for General Autoimmune Serology. IQC: Commercial preparation
Interpretation: The test should not be relied upon as the only diagnostic tool and must be used in conjunction with other patient evidence
Additional Information:
Indication: Polyarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Connective Tissue Disease, Cryoglobulinaemia.
Background Information: Rheumatoid factor (RF) is an autoantibody directed against the Fc portion of IgG that can be used as a marker of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The most common and clinically useful class of RF is IgM, however there are also IgG and IgA forms. RF is not diagnostic of RA as 2-10% of the normal population will have a positive result [2]. 20-30% of patients with RA have no RF, this is referred to as “seronegative arthritis” [4]. In classic RA, higher titres are associated with systemic symptoms, vasculitis and more severe forms of the disease [3]. Current guidelines for the management and treatment of RA recommend that RF is the initial investigation that should be carried out on patients with suspected RA. If RF is negative but it is still likely that they have RA it is recommended that the patient is referred to a specialist for further investigations [1]. RF has been detected in patients with various connective tissue diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren’s syndrome, and also in the sera of patients with hypergammaglobulinaemic liver disease, syphilis, sarcoidosis and transiently following infection [2].
References: Aletaha D, et al. 2010 Rheumatoid Arthritis classification criteria: An American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Collaborative Initiative. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2010. 62(9):2569-2581. NICE clinical guideline 79. Rheumatoid arthritis: The management of rheumatoid arthritis in adults. 2009. [Ref 1] PRU Handbook of Clinical Immunochemistry. 9th Edition. 2007. [Ref 2] Moore TJ. Rheumatoid factors. Clin Imm Newsletter. 1998. 18:89-96. [Ref 3] Bridges SL. Update on autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. 2004. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 6(5):343-350. [Ref 4]
See Also: ANA, CCP
Telephone Gateshead Lab: 0191.4456499 Option 4, Option 1