Tetanus Antibodies (Functional Antibodies)
Code:
TET
Sample Type:
2mL Serum (Gel 5mL Yellow tube)
Ref Ranges/Units:
IU/mL
>0.1 IU/mL = full protective level. Reference ranges established by manufacturer and verified in house.
Turnaround:
10-14 days
Frequency of Analysis: Every 1-2 weeks
Special Precautions/Comments:
Method: Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Calibration: NIBSC 76/589. EQA scheme: UK NEQAS Scheme for Specific Microbial antibodies. IQC: In house preparation and kit controls
Interferences: None known
Interpretation: Samples tested for tetanus antibodies giving values less than 0.1 IU/ml should request a repeat sample 4 weeks post tetanus toxoid vaccination. If no significant increase in titre is observed post vaccination then the patient may be unable to make specific antibody responses to protein antigens
Additional Information:
Indication: Immunodeficiency and vaccine responses.
Background Information: A patient may have normal levels of serum immunoglobulins and IgG subclasses but may still be unable to respond effectively to various pathogens. Specific antibody responses should be measured against a panel of protein and carbohydrate antigens. Protein antigens include tetanus and diphtheria toxoid (TD response) and polysaccharide antigens include pneumococcus and haemophilus influenzae Type B (TI2 response). Investigation of specific antibody responses is useful in the assessment of patients with recurrent bacterial sepsis , invasive bacterial disease and putative immune defects. They can also be useful in assessing immune reconstitution post bone marrow transplant, asplenic patients and assessment of protective antibody levels as an indication for re-vaccination
References: Wood P. Primary antibody deficiency syndromes. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 2009. 46:99-108. Hazlewood M, et al. The acquisition of anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide, Haemophilus influenzae type b and tetanus toxoid antibodies, with age, in the UK. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 2008. 93(2):157-164. Schauer U, et al. Levels of antibodies specific to tetanus toxoid, haemophilus influenzae type b, and pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide in healthy children and adults. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 2003. 10(2):202-207. Hazlewood M, Nusrat R, Kumararatne DS. The acquisition of anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide, Haemophilus influenzae type B and tetanus toxoid antibodies with age in the UK. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 1993. 93(2):157-164.
See Also: Pneumococcal antibodies; Diphtheria antibodies; Haemophilus influenzae type B antibodies
Telephone Gateshead Lab: 0191.4456499 Option 4, Option 1