Pneumococcal Antibodies (Functional Antibodies)
Code:
PNE
Sample Type:
2mL Serum (Gel 5mL Yellow tube)
Ref Ranges/Units:
U/mL
Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide: >20 U/mL unlikely to require Pneumovax vaccination. Reference range established by manufacturer and verified in-house.
Turnaround:
7-14 days
Frequency of Analysis: Every 10 – 14 days
Special Precautions/Comments:
Method: Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Calibration: Calibrated against the UK NEQAS SPS15 Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide control, which is traceable to The Binding Site in-house standard. EQA scheme: UK NEQAS scheme for Specific Microbial Antibodies. IQC: In house preparation and kit controls
Interferences: None known
Interpretation: Samples tested for pneumococcal antibodies giving values less than 20 U/mL should request a repeat sample 4 weeks post Pneumovax vaccination. If no significant increase in titre is observed post vaccination then the patient is unable to make specific antibody responses to carbohydrate antigens. Discuss with Clinical staff
Additional Information:
Indication: Immunodeficiency and vaccine responses.
Background Information: A patient may have normal levels of serum immunoglobulins and IgG subclasses but still be unable to respond to the polysaccharide capsules of pathogens such as pneumococcus, even after vaccination. Specific antibody responses should be measured against a panel of protein and carbohydrate antigens. Protein antigens include tetanus and diphtheria toxoid and polysaccharide antigens include pneumococcus and haemophilus influenzae Type B. Investigation of specific antibody responses is useful in the assessment of patients with recurrent bacterial sepsis, invasive bacterial disease and putative immune defects. They can also be useful in assessing immune reconstitution post bone marrow transplant, asplenic patients and assessment of protective antibody levels as an indication for re-vaccination.
References: Wood P. Primary antibody deficiency syndromes. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 2009. 46:99-108. Hazlewood M, et al. The acquisition of anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide Haemophilus influenzae type b and tetanus toxoid antibodies, with age, in the UK. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 2008. 93(2):157-164. Jeurissen A, et al. Laboratory diagnosis of specific antibody deficiency to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antigens. Clin Chem. 2007. 53(3):505-510. Paris K, Sorensen RU. Assessment and clinical interpretation of polysaccharide antibody responses. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007. 99(5):462-464. Balmer P, Cant AJ, Borrow R. Anti-pneumococcal antibody titre measurement: what useful information does it yield? J. Clin. Path. 2007. 60:345-350. Schauer U, et al. Levels of antibodies specific to tetanus toxoid, haemophilus influenzae type b, and pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide in healthy children and adults. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 2003. 10(2):202-207.
See Also: Tetanus antibodies; Diphtheria antibodies; Haemophilus influenzae type B antibodies
Telephone Gateshead Lab: 0191.4456499 Option 4, Option 1