Special Precautions/Comments:

Additional Information:

Measurement of total protein includes the albumin concentration plus the globulin fraction (IgG, IgA, IgM). The majority of plasma proteins are synthesised by the liver, therefore total protein is included in a LIVER panel to assess synthetic capacity. In contrast, globulins are produced by plasma cells as part of the immune response. 

Low total protein (hypoproteinaemia) may indicate a loss of synthetic capacity, such as in cirrhosis, or increased loss of protein, such as a major haemorrhage or nephrotic syndrome. Hypoproteinaemia may also be seen in malnutrition (e.g. Kwashiorkor). 

Increased total protein (hyperproteinaemia) may indicate dehydration, inflammation or a B cell malignancy, such as multiple myeloma.